THE CONCEPT OF “ROAD” IN UZBEK FOLK CULTURE AND LITERATURE

Abstract

This study examines the cultural, symbolic, and literary significance of the concept “road” (yo‘l) in Uzbek folk traditions and written literature. While the term denotes a physical path, Uzbek linguistic and folkloric practices extend its meaning to represent life direction, moral decision-making, emotional endurance, heroism, and spiritual transformation. Using a qualitative textual analysis of folktales, epic narratives, proverbs, and Sufi-influenced literature, the research identifies five major symbolic functions of the road: as a metaphor for life and destiny, as a transformational motif in folk narratives, as a structural element of heroic epics, as an emotional symbol in love stories, and as a spiritual path in classical Sufi writings. The findings suggest that the centrality of the road derives from both historical realities—such as Uzbekistan’s role along the Silk Road—and deep cultural attitudes that view life as a continuous journey shaped by moral and spiritual choices. Overall, this study shows that the road is not merely a narrative device but a core symbol expressing the worldview, identity, and cultural memory of the Uzbek people.