Multidisciplinary Journal of Science and Technology

IMMUNE SYSTEM TISSUES: LYMPH NODES, SPLEEN AND THEIR HISTOLOGY

Rustamova Sevarakhon Farkhod qizi

Tashkent Medical Academy Termez Branch

Karimova Kamola Askar qizi

Tashkent Medical Academy Termez Branch

Meliboeva Shakhzoda Ikrom qizi

Tashkent Medical Academy Termez Branch

Yuldosheva Mohira Abdurakhmonovna

Tashkent Medical Academy Termez Branch

Abdihalimova Dilfuza Ruyiddin qizi

Tashkent Medical Academy Termez Branch

Keywords: Immune system, lymph nodes, spleen, histological structure, lymphoid tissue, B-lymphocyte, T-lymphocyte, white pulp, red pulp, germinal center, reticular tissue, antigen, phagocyte, dendritic cell, capsule, trabeculae, immune response, microcirculation, morphology, fixation, histochemistry,

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Abstract

The immune system is a complex and sophisticated system that protects the body from external and internal threats, especially microorganisms, viruses, toxins, and changes at the cellular level. This article is devoted to analyzing the histological structure of the two main lymphoid tissues of the immune system - lymph nodes and spleen, their cellular composition, functional zones, histological differences, and participation in the immune response.

Lymph nodes, as peripheral immune checkpoints, play an important role in filtering lymph fluid, recognizing antigens, and initiating an immune response. In these tissues, B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells are located in specific zones, each of which performs specific functions. The capsule, cortex, paracortical zone, and medullary areas of lymph nodes have different cell densities at the microscopic level and are clearly distinguished in histological sections.

 The spleen, as the largest lymphoid organ in the body, performs two important functions: hematological (filtering blood cells, disposing of old erythrocytes) and immunological (detecting antigens and forming a lymphocytic response).

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