Psycholinguistic Models Shifting Visual Experience for Turkish-English Bilinguals
Amirova Nigorakhon Saidgani kizi
Lecturer of Highschool of Turkology Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies
Keywords: psycholinguistics, bilingualism, visual perception, linguistic relativity, code-switching, cognitive flexibility, Turkish-English bilinguals
Abstract
This article examines the impact of Turkish-English bilingualism on the perception and interpretation of visual experiences within a psycholinguistic framework. The study draws on contemporary cognitive linguistic theories, particularly the bilingual advantage theory and linguistic relativity hypothesis. Special emphasis is placed on how language interaction and cultural frameworks influence attention, memory, interpretation, and emotional evaluation of visual stimuli. The author highlights that switching between languages and cultural codes leads to the reinterpretation, encoding, and reconstruction of visual images in memory. The findings underline the complexity of the interplay between cognitive, linguistic, and cultural factors in shaping bilinguals’ visual perception.
References
1. Bialystok, E. (2001). Bilingualism in development: Language, literacy, and cognition. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511605963
2. Gulbinaite, R., Van Viegen, T., Wieling, M., Cohen, M.X., VanRullen, R. (2017) Individual Alpha Peak Frequency Predicts 10 Hz Flicker Effects on Selective Attention. J. Neurosci. 37, 10173–10184. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1163-17.2017
3. Hermans, Ruben & Tondeur, Jo & van Braak, Johan & Valcke, Martin. (2008). The impact of primary school teachers’ educational beliefs on the classroom use of computers. Computers & Education. 1499-1509. 10.1016/j.compedu.2008.02.001.
4. Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98(2), 224–253. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.224
5. Mergen, F., & Kuruoglu, G. (2021). Lateralization of lexical processing in monolinguals and bilinguals. International Journal of Bilingualism, 25(6), 1497-1509. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/13670069211018842
6. Raman, I., & Yildiz, Y. (2022). Orthographical, phonological, and morphological challenges in language processing: The case of Bilingual Turkish-English Speakers. In Research anthology on bilingual and multilingual education (pp. 304-326). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/orthographical-phonological-and-morphological-challenges-in-language-processing/292725
7. Cangir, H., & Durrant, P. (2021). Cross-linguistic collocational networks in the L1 Turkish–L2 English mental lexicon. Lingua, 258, 103057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2021.103057
8. Aydın, D. (2022). Consumption response to credit expansions: Evidence from experimental assignment of 45,307 credit lines. American Economic Review, 112(1), 1–40. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20191178
9. Blazhenkova, O., Kanero, J., Duman, I., & Umitli, O. (2025). Read and imagine: visual imagery experience evoked by first versus second language. Psychological Reports, 128(2), 1067-1100. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00332941231158059
10. Aguilar, M., Ferré, P., & Hinojosa, J. A. (2024). The landscape of emotional language processing in bilinguals: A review. Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 80, 1-32. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079742124000021
11. Akkaya, A. (2023). Emotional prosody and accent processing: a bilingual perspective (Master’s thesis, Bilkent Universitesi (Turkey)). https://search.proquest.com/openview/47aefcc8c7ab69fd4f5fb62b94c792fb/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2026366&diss=y
12. Karayayla, T. (2018). Turkish as an immigrant and heritage language in the UK: Effects of exposure and age at onset of bilingualism on grammatical and lexical development of the first language (Doctoral dissertation, University of Essex). https://repository.essex.ac.uk/22392/
13. Kahraman, H., de Wit, B., & Beyersmann, E. (2024). Cross-language morphological transfer in similar-script bilinguals. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 31(3), 1155-1171. https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13423-023-02383-2
14. Evcen, E. (2019). Processing of conditional constructions in Turkish L2 speakers of English (Master’s thesis, Middle East Technical University (Turkey)). https://search.proquest.com/openview/086643eef015742010205920113ac352/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2026366&diss=y
15. Tosun, S., & Filipović, L. (2022). Lost in translation, apparently: Bilingual language processing of evidentiality in a Turkish–English translation and judgment task. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 25(5), 739-754. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bilingualism-language-and-cognition/article/lost-in-translation-apparently-bilingual-language-processing-of-evidentiality-in-a-turkishenglish-translation-and-judgment-task/94BBB0151AB2214E72DFFE1BB71B9AF6
16. Kahraman, H. (2024). Cross-Language Influences on Morphological Processing (Doctoral dissertation, Macquarie University). https://figshare.mq.edu.au/ndownloader/files/48713794
17. Oğuz, E. (2023). Investigating Translation Equivalent Priming: The Impact of Task, Item, and Individual Differences. Doctoral dissertation, Middle East Technical University (Turkey).














