Multidisciplinary Journal of Science and Technology

THE ESCALATING GLOBAL BURDEN OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES: EPIDEMIOLOGY, SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS, AND THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSES

M. A. Rakhmatullaeva

Tashkent Medical Academy School of Public Health

I. R. Urazalieva

Tashkent Medical Academy School of Public Health

Keywords: non-communicable diseases, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension

---

Abstract

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases (CVD), hypertension (HTN), type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and dyslipidemia (DL), account for 71% of global deaths annually, with a disproportionate toll in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) [10]. This article examines the epidemiology of these “silent threats,” their devastating economic consequences projected at US$47 trillion by 2030 [2], and the critical role of community health nurses (CHNs) in early detection within health insurance frameworks. Drawing on global data and regional case studies, it highlights the urgent need for proactive strategies to mitigate NCDs’ impact, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) to reduce premature NCD mortality by one-third by 2030 [11].

---

References

1. Anjana RM, Pradeepa R, Deepa M, Datta M, Sudha V, Unnikrishnan R, Bhansali A, Joshi SR, Joshi PP, Yajnik CS, Dhandhania VK, Nath LM, Das AK, Rao PV, Madhu SV, Shukla DK, Kaur T, Priya M, Nirmal E, Parvathi SJ, Subhashini S, Subashini R, Ali MK, Mohan V; ICMR–INDIAB Collaborative Study Group. Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) in urban and rural India: phase I results of the Indian Council of Medical Research-INdia DIABetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study. Diabetologia. 2011 Dec;54(12):3022-7. doi: 10.1007/s00125-011-2291-5. Epub 2011 Sep 30. PMID: 21959957.

2. Bloom, D. E., Cafiero, E. T., Jané-Llopis, E., Abrahams-Gessel, S., Bloom, L. R., Fathima, S., ... & Weinstein, C. (2011). The global economic burden of non-communicable diseases. Geneva: World Economic Forum & Harvard School of Public Health.

3. Hedayatnia M, Asadi Z, Zare-Feyzabadi R, Yaghooti-Khorasani M, Ghazizadeh H, Ghaffarian-Zirak R, Nosrati-Tirkani A, Mohammadi-Bajgiran M, Rohban M, Sadabadi F, Rahimi HR, Ghalandari M, Ghaffari MS, Yousefi A, Pouresmaeili E, Besharatlou MR, Moohebati M, Ferns GA, Esmaily H, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease risk among the MASHAD study population. Lipids Health Dis. 2020 Mar 16;19(1):42. doi: 10.1186/s12944-020-01204-y. PMID: 32178672; PMCID: PMC7075010.

4. International Diabetes Federation. (2019). IDF Diabetes Atlas, 9th Edition. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation.

5. Ministério da Saúde (Brazil). (2019). Vigitel Brasil 2018: Vigilância de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas por inquérito telefônico. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde.

6. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants. Lancet. 2021 Sep 11;398(10304):957-980. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01330-1. Epub 2021 Aug 24. Erratum in: Lancet. 2022 Feb 5;399(10324):520. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00061-7. PMID: 34450083; PMCID: PMC8446938.

7. Rhee EJ. Prevalence and Current Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Korean Adults Based on Fact Sheets. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2020 Mar;35(1):85-94. doi: 10.3803/EnM.2020.35.1.85. PMID: 32207267; PMCID: PMC7090302.

8. Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, Barengo NC, Beaton AZ, Benjamin EJ, Benziger CP, Bonny A, Brauer M, Brodmann M, Cahill TJ, Carapetis J, Catapano AL, Chugh SS, Cooper LT, Coresh J, Criqui M, DeCleene N, Eagle KA, Emmons-Bell S, Feigin VL, Fernández-Solà J, Fowkes G, Gakidou E, Grundy SM, He FJ, Howard G, Hu F, Inker L, Karthikeyan G, Kassebaum N, Koroshetz W, Lavie C, Lloyd-Jones D, Lu HS, Mirijello A, Temesgen AM, Mokdad A, Moran AE, Muntner P, Narula J, Neal B, Ntsekhe M, Moraes de Oliveira G, Otto C, Owolabi M, Pratt M, Rajagopalan S, Reitsma M, Ribeiro ALP, Rigotti N, Rodgers A, Sable C, Shakil S, Sliwa-Hahnle K, Stark B, Sundström J, Timpel P, Tleyjeh IM, Valgimigli M, Vos T, Whelton PK, Yacoub M, Zuhlke L, Murray C, Fuster V; GBD-NHLBI-JACC Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Writing Group. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Dec 22;76(25):2982-3021. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010. Erratum in: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021 Apr 20;77(15):1958-1959. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.02.039. PMID: 33309175; PMCID: PMC7755038.

9. Thrainsdottir IS, Aspelund T, Thorgeirsson G, Gudnason V, Hardarson T, Malmberg K, Sigurdsson G, Rydén L. The association between glucose abnormalities and heart failure in the population-based Reykjavik study. Diabetes Care. 2005 Mar;28(3):612-6. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.3.612. PMID: 15735197.

10. World Health Organization. (2018). Noncommunicable diseases country profiles 2018. Geneva: World Health Organization.

11. World Health Organization. (2019). Global action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs 2013–2020. Geneva: World Health Organization.

12. Yang L, Wu M, Cui B, Xu J. Economic burden of cardiovascular diseases in China. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2008 Aug;8(4):349-56. doi: 10.1586/14737167.8.4.349. PMID: 20528342.